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Cyanogenic Glicosides
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Though
these glycosides are based on cyanide, a very
potent poison, they have a helpful sedative and
relaxant effect on the heart and muscles in small
doses. Wild cherry bark (Prunus serotina) and
elder (Sambucus nigra) both contain cyanogenic
glycosides, which contribute to both plants' ability
to suppress and soothe irritant dry coughs. |
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Vitamins
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Some
plants contain significant levels of vitamins.
Watercress (Nasturtium officinale), for example,
contains an appreciable quantity of vitamin E,
and the hips of dog rose (Rosa canina) have particularly
high levels of vitamin C. Most other medicinal
plants contain at least some vitamins. While the
content may be small it contributes to overall
daily intake. |
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Bitters
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Bitters
are a varied group of constituents linked only
by their pronounced bitter taste. The bitterness
itself stimulates secretions by the salivary glands
and digestive organs. Such secretions can dramatically
improve the appetite and strengthen the overall
function of the digestive system. With the improved
digestion and absorption of nutrients that follow,
the body is nourished and strengthened. Many herbs
have bitter constituents, notably wormwood (Artemisia
absinthium) and chiretta (Swertia chirata).
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Alkaloids
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A
very mixed group, alkaloids mostly contain a nitrogen-bearing
molecule (-NH2) that makes them particularly pharmacologically
active. Vincristine, for example, derived from
Madagascar periwinkle (Vinca rosea), is used to
treat some types of cancer. Other alkaloids, such
as atropine, found in deadly nightshade (Atropa
belladonna), have a direct effect on the body,
reducing spasms, relieving pain, and drying up
bodily secretions. |
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Minerals
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Some
herbs are particularly rich in minerals. Horsetail
(Equisetum arvense), for example, has high levels
of silica. Dandelion (Taraxacum officinale) has
large quantities of potassium, and unlike other
diuretics which flush this mineral out of the
body, it helps to maintain high levels of potassium.
These plants act as mineral supplements in their
own right, while other herbs with a small concentration
contribute to overall intake.
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